Comparative Commentary - Mango St and Annie John - 1114 Words

Comparative Essay: gender roles in The House on Mango Street and Annie John Question 3: To what extent do male and female literary characters accurately reflect the role of men and women in society? In this essay I will analyse to what extent the characters in the novels The House on Mango Street (text A), by Sandra Cisneros, and Annie John (text B), by Jamaica Kincaid, reflect the role of men and women in society. These two novels criticise patriarchal societies, where â€Å"women are taught to think as men, identify with a male point of view and to accept as normal and legitimate a male system of values†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . In both of them, there are clear examples of chauvinism, which conditions the lives of Esperanza Cordero, a â€Å"Chicana† who lives†¦show more content†¦However, Annie is called a slut by her mother only because she was talking to a group of boys. Thus, we can see that women have fewer rights than men, which can lead them to a miserable life. Secondly, â€Å"Chicanas† and Antiguans are affected by marriage. Historically speaking, in both cultures young women were obliged by their parents to get married, without any possibility to express themselves. Since that moment, they are destined to live oppressed by a man they do not love. In Sandra Cisneros’s book, Esperanza tells us how her grandmother, described as â€Å"a wild horse of a woman†, was thrown a sack over her head and forced to marry Esperanza’s grandfather. Similarly, in text B there is also a victim of a marriage of convenience. Annie John’s parents want her to marry someone once she is in England, as a way of preserving Antigua’s culture, but she refuses. Thus, we can notice that Annie wants to disconnect herself from this patriarchal society, which submits her to a life without any type of rights. This is also the reason why she is disappointed the last time she sees her friend, Gwen. This girl is also obliged to marry a boy at an early age, and although she is thrilled with the idea, she subjugates to their parents’ desire instead of fighting for her rights. When Annie hears this news from Gwen, she completely understands that the relationship that once

Essay on Harmful Effects of Legalized Gambling - 1644 Words

Harmful Effects of Legalized Gambling Gambling is prominent in todays society. This can be seen especially through politics. Everywhere voters are electing people to office who are pro gambling. William Thompson of the University of Nevada (1994) describes politicians by stating, Its part of the American landscape, theyll trade morality for dollars (1). In North and South Carolina, for example, the last governor election showed that the people were for legal gambling by voting in governors who wanted a lottery. Now in the U.S., 47 states including the District of Columbia have legalized gambling. This increase in gambling is argued to be good for the economy, but there is further proof that it not only hurts the economy but†¦show more content†¦This was the first time that the tournament had more bets than the 78 million bet on the Super Bowl. Aside from the legal betting, the FBI estimated that 2.5 million was wagered illegally on the tournament. Many college students/athletes are now getting involved in this sort of gambling. A 1996 study completed by the University of Cincinnati surveyed 2,000 male student-athletes about NCAA rule violations and found that 25% gambled on college events other than their own. Also, 4% admitted to wagering on their own games, and 3% changed the outcome of a game in which they participated (Saum 2). In 1998, a study at a University in the Southeast Conference involving 1000 students showed that athletes were nearly twice as likely to become problem gamblers than non-athletes. Another study was conducted by surveying 1,700 students from six different colleges and universities. It found that 33% of males and 15% of females in college gamble at least once a week. College student gamblers tend to be people who believe they have control of their own destiny, take risks, and feel they ha the skill to be successful in whatever they do. Many college athletes have these same characteristics which could be one of the reasons they gamble. Many cases of college athletes loosing eligibility over gambling exist. One in particular was at a Division I university where student athletes lost 20-30% playing time in a season over betting onShow MoreRelatedThe American Gaming Association ( Aga )1465 Words   |  6 PagesJersey have taken steps towards legalizing sport betting; however, many are against the legalization. Although some may argue that legalizing sport betting in all states will be beneficial to the economy, sport betting shouldn’t be legalized because it can lead to harmful addictions, criminal activity, and affects the integrity of sports in a negative way. Sport betting has been a part of many scandals in American sports. Athletes, coaches, and referees in various sports have been involved in differentRead MoreBenefits Of Gambling Among College Students1147 Words   |  5 PagesGambling Among College Students Gambling is risking money or something of value on uncertain events driven by chance. Most people see gambling as just another form of fun. Gambling often becomes a sensitive issue for the gambler and their family. This is especially important to consider, since the practice of gambling among college students is constantly growing with the rise of internet-based gambling.Though gambling is legal in many states, it does not make it right for people to engage in suchRead More The Case Against Legalized Gambling Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesThe gambling industry is a big money maker in America. Gambling institutions exist in many states. These institutions consist of riverboat casinos, Indian reservation casinos, and regular gaming casinos that all accumulate millions of dollars to the state through taxes. This tax money is then used throughout the state for many programs that may include education, health, and road maintenance. The American Gaming Association (AGA) even claims that gambling institutions lower the taxes in many areasRead MoreGambling Is An Extremely Well Liked And Entertaining Activity For The Canadian Population1530 Words   |  7 PagesGambling is an extremely well liked and entertaining activity for the Canadian population. In theory, gambling can be a sense of fun and games, yet it has always been inevitably linked to the Canadian Criminal Code. It has been noticed that, â€Å"Canadians spend more on legal, government-promoted gambling than on clothing, shoes and medicine combined† (Hutchison, 1999). In 1892 all forms of gambling were banned in Canada, with the exception of horse racing (Stevens, R., 2005). Throughout the years CanadiansRead MoreLegalized Gambling in Hawaii1683 Words   |  7 Pagesstreets, and do the unthinkable. The tolerance of drugs, prostitution, gambling, 24-hour liquor sales, gang violence, and the emphasis on the nightlife give Las Vegas its nickname, Sin City. Also known as The Entertainment Capital of the World, Las Vegas is a world-wide attraction for people from all walks of life. Whether visitors are seeking relaxation in one of Las Vegas’s five-star hotel casinos along with entertainment, gambling, shopping, and fine dining; employment or a new home in the nation’sRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesmarijuana should be legalized. There are numerous reasons for and against legalizing marijuana, some say that the government can tax it, some say that it helps with certain medical conditions. People also say that it is not a gateway drug and does not lead to drug abuse. Then there is the question of should we legalize it now even though there is no way to test the levels in your blood at a routine police stop. There are some really good points as to why marijuana should be legalized and some good reasonsRead MoreProblems And Solutions Of Gambling Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerning Gambling and Several Solutions Gambling is a kind of recreation from ancient times and is still very popular now. In America, more than 1500 casinos are running and their profits are huge. Some cities like Las Vegas rely on casinos heavily. This essay offers a brief introduction to the casino industry and problems and solutions around it. According to a research by AGA(American Gaming Association), gambling has already been a big part of economy gains in America. They found that gambling generatesRead MoreEssay about No to Legalization of Marijuana 1814 Words   |  8 PagesMarijuana should not be legalized because it will increase health issues, its use will rise rather than decline, and taxation will result in economic failure. In recent years, however, society has become very moderate, and this is why society’s views can be swayed by the benefits of legalization. Nowadays, legalizing marijuana is not that big of a deal as it was in the 60’s and 70’s when hippies and peace organizations were advocating for marijuana use. However, if marijuana is legalized it has been saidRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized2211 Words   |  9 Pagesgovernment issues. There are factual studies that show the drug has health benefits and some studies show the harmful side. As a group, Team B has put together a well debatable paper that gives our view points on what we believe or Cons and Pros or advantages and disadvantages of the Marijuana being legalized. In this debate you will find several researched documentation that gives facts on how harmful and helpful the drug can be. You will also find strong statements and personal opinions on the questionableRead More Legalization of Marijuana Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe Legalization of Marijuana   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana is a plant, known as cannabis sativa and cannabis indica, which contains a psychoactive chemical called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The effects of THC include disruption of psychomotor behavior, short-term memory impairment, intoxication, stimulation of appetite, antinociceptive, and antiemetic activities. Marijuana, the Mexican name given to cannabis is a mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers of the plant. Cannabis is a term

Demand and Supply of Housing in Australia Free Essays

string(67) " that occurred during this year and gradually boost home-building\." Economic Policy Problem: Demand and Supply The demand and supply of Housing and the Housing affordability in Australia I. Introduction Like all other economies The Australian economy has been affected by the global financial crisis which is now a global economic crisis due the collapse of Lehman Brothers and other financial institutions in US. The consequences of the global economic crisis has been severe and as a result of this the world is in Recession therefore many economies has pushed the budget into a deficit launching economic package trying to boost their economies. We will write a custom essay sample on Demand and Supply of Housing in Australia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because the housing market and the housing industry is one of the most important sector of the economy this report aim to analyse how the global financial crisis has affected the demand and supply of housing in Australia also what are the condition of housing affordability and how the Government through the stimulus package tend to intervene the economy. After this report we will be able to understand the movement and the reason for a movement into the demand and supply curve for housing in Australia you will be able also to identify if the Government economic policy is going for the correct pathway or if this temporary measure will not bring certainty and confident to the economy. It is very clear that at least the Rudd’s Government is addressing the problem anticipating future scenarios and acting to correct this scenarios exploiting and taking advantage of the relative good shape of the Australian economy in this moment in comparison with another countries. II. Australian Economy Like all other economies the Australian economy was very much affected by the global economic crisis and the recession around the world therefore the financial institutions started to feel the pressure and the stress of the situation but the Australian Government put in place measures to guarantee the debts of banks. Apart of that the Australian economy was affected by the collapse of commodity prices this brought real losses of income to the economy which put to business in a position to review their investment plan in the future. At the same time households have become more cautious about expenditure due the increase of the unemployment rates and they start to increasing savings. Because the panic caused and the lack of consuming the RBA responded lowering of interest rates reducing from 7 ? per cent to 3 ? per cent, this reduction have fully passed to the borrowers therefore interest rates on housing loans have fallen as well as interest in consumer and business loan, this rate are at historically low levels. This has produced an increase in loan demand; other factor that increased the demand of loans apart of the lowest interest rate around 5 ? per cent is the program first home owner grant which has attracted new buyers into the market. On top of that the stimulus package is an initiative of the government to support spending but this measure cost that last financial year there was fiscal surplus of 1 ? per cent of the GPD even so Australia will remain as one of the better performing economies around the world. One of the reason of the reduction in wealth over the past year is that people which income have grown over the year overestimated the returns of the share market, people did not set up realistic expectations about their financial goals and now they have to increase the proportion of income working additional year or many of them returning to the workforce to compensated the losses of the share market due the global financial crisis, people did not took in count that share market produce negative returns every few years therefore they should have included this into the returns expectations. Although the large fall in wealth the households sector still is in a relative good position because people is maintaining a good balance between assets and liability and even when the hose market was subdued during 2008 and the prices has fallen by 3 per cent, the Australian overall the housing market has held up pretty well in comparison with another countries like US or UK where price has fallen by 20 per cent. An update on the economy and financial Developments (Battellino, 2009) III. Supply and Demand The relatively high level of housing price in Australia is a reflection of a collective decisions of households, this is not the result of a external forces they are at their income, preferences, access to finance have been willing to pay those prices. But this is not the only reason the supply – side factors also influenced in the fact of high price like the ability to built new housing on the city fringe, factor affecting the ability to increase supply closer to the city, transport infrastructure and community affect the feasibility and desirability of living in a different place. One of the good indicators of some of the supply issue is the cost of raw land. Prices still are high on the edges of Sydney but lowest on Melbourne and Adelaide therefore will very important to see if it is possible to reduce these prices or at least try to keep a lid on increase over the years because the housing affordability over the medium term will be the result of the ability to expand the supply of housing. Home building has recently been at low levels and this is because in a showing or uncertainty situation economy builder does not want to take higher risk than usual and also recent weakness in building approvals are affecting the supply curve and when there is a lack of supply and increase in demand the prices will go upwards. Conditions and Prospects in the Housing Sector (Richards, 2009) Looking beyond that the fall in interest rate and improvements in housing affordability should contribute to growth this has not happened but economist are expecting that occurred during this year and gradually boost home-building. You read "Demand and Supply of Housing in Australia" in category "Papers" Another factor that can contribute the building approval for building activities and therefore increase the supply of housing is the increase of number of first – home buyer demand there has been an important increase in loans approval in recent months. Is also very important understand that for many economist in this moment there is undersupply in the housing market even though we do not know exactly how large the undersupply it is but this should support also home-building. According with the current population rates, the decline in average household and level of demand for second house had been maintained most calculation now put â€Å"underlying demand† around 180. 000 to 200. 000 per year that means we need to increase the number of new house built than has actually occurred. However, we can ignore the impact of prices on the demand for housing remember over the years the cost of housing has grown faster than incomes and the cost of goods and services as a consequence of that the demand for housing will be affected by the higher cost of housing therefore we can expect that the demand decline because many young adult will choose to live with their parents for longer, many other would prefer extra flatmate rather than having a bedroom vacant and another owner of holidays homes very likely to sell them so perhaps this is the reason that we have built fewer homes in recent years than might have been expected. But the undersupply of housing is a story of never ending because there is an Intelligent Housing Research Group â€Å"Hometrack† stated that the calculation of the RBA are based in accurate data according with them Australia may already have an excess of housing according with their estimation there are at least 10 millions dwellings in Australia compared with the 8. 3 millions of ABS data showing occupied dwellings of 8. millions, the extra two millions are housing awaiting to be sale or development, second homes and abandoned homes. Therefore they say that the ABS Method for calculation the ratio of people per dwelling per dwelling is based on ABS census data which is based upon occupied dwelling however Hometrack analysis is based on postal address indicates that Australia’s current level of housing relative to its population is in line with other Anglo economies. Following this looking at the context of population growth Australia total building approvals have running about the demand, for that reason the concern is that business and government decision in regards of housing market are being made based on demand assumptions that vary from the actual behaviour of the housing market. But how can we know who is telling the true well according with statistics during 1985-2009 an average of 1 residential dwelling was built per 1. 75 new Australian and only in the last 3 months has the rate of new building fallen behind population growth. This is in excess of the current ABS ratio of 2. 55 person per occupied therefore far from having and undersupply of housing Australia may well have substantial oversupply, it’s just that no-one is living in many of them. Is very likely cause of this large stock of unoccupied homes is Australia system of negative gearing. Most investor prefer build houses but avoid the renting-damage property having to manage tenant therefore they built it for capital gains because is better to keep the hose out of the rental market and claim the loss against tax. In order to defend the dominant view that Australian house price are justified by supply and demand, Anthony Richards (Economist) observed that the relative high level of housing price in Australia is a reflection of demand and the collective decision of households therefore housing price have not been set by external forces they are at this level because buyers in general have been willing to pay the prices. This is a fairly typical piece of neoclassical economic thinking â€Å"Prices reflect the interaction of supply and demand and are therefore justified†. Economist who apply a standard â€Å"Supply and demand† mindset to analysing the property market seem to consider that demand can shift â€Å"Left and right† as the number of buyers falls and rises with time; but they seem to ignore that the demand curve can shift up and down as well. Is response to the willingness of lenders to increase or decrease their loan to valuation ratios and if there is a substantial fall in LVR to new buyers could reduce the price that would be buyers can offer even in shortage of properties. Price S D3 D2 D1 Quantity of Supply, Demand Increase of demand due to: †¢ Population Growth †¢ Low interest Rates †¢ Booming economy with rising wages †¢ Governments Policies like Cuts to capital gains taxes Lies, damned lies, and Housing statistics (Keen, 2009) Bentick, Teresita, (2003) Microeconomics Study guide (4th Ed). Australia: Pearson Educations Australia. Frank, Robert, Bernanke Ben, (2001) Principles of Microeconomics (1st Ed). New York, USA: McGraw Hill Higher Education IV. Housing Affordability. Housing affordability can be divided in two: people need where to live whether they buy or rent therefore we need to include rents as well as mortgage to measure housing affordability, the second part is people who are looking to get into the housing market and people who already are already there. Housing affordability is consider as spending up to 30% a household’s income on mortgage repayments or rent. In the past two decades the prices of the housing has risen matched by a decrease in housing affordability this mean that a household now need 34. 8% of their income to meet an average loan repayment. According with a report released entitled â€Å"Anatomy of Australian Mortgage Stress† released by fujitsu consulting in April found that the main cause of mortgage stress is the interest rate rises and rents have risen slower than mortgage repayments pushing people out the house market and into the rental market, this mean that rents too are on the rise. According with report released by The Real State Institute of Australia REIA on April 22th 2009 â€Å"An opportune time for renters to buy† the ABS released the Consumer Price Index (CPI) showing that housing components increased 0,9% for the quarter bringing the annual increase to 5. 5%. The majority of this increase in the housing components was driven by rents which increased by 1. 7% over the quarter and 8. 4% over the year, this ncrease in rents reflects record low vacancy rates and the unavailability of rental properties in all capital cities. Building approvals and housing finance for investment purposes continue decrease during the March quarter 2009 and is very likely to put further upwards pressure on rents. Australia will need to build significantly more house than has occurred recently to meet rental demand. Housing affordability has improved significantly since the reserve bank began cutting interest rates in September 2008. With the availability of the first home owners boost (FHOB), lower interest rate, greater affordability and vacancy rates remaining in a low record now would be an opportune time for these in the rental market to consider the purchase of their own home. Real Estate institute of Australia (2009, April 22). Ann opportune time for renters to buy. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from http://www. reia. com. au/media/documents/REIA_MediaRelease_AnOpportuneTimeforRenterstoBuy. pdf Housing costs and Affordability in Australia (Thrift, 2008) Conclusion Is very clear that the housing sector in Australia is showing signs of improvements due the increase in households cash flows as a result of the of the important role of the Government and the RBA in the downturn of the economy decreasing the interest rates and providing policies that improve housing affordability for people to repay the loans but in order to tackle this important problem is very important that the government does not exclude anyone from the spectrum like young people also is very important that the Reserve Bank of Australia as a Central bank play an important role n this matter acting more like an honest broker developing real strong statistic about the housing market that helps in a future time to provide valuable resources, accurate data and support important decisions about the supply and demand of housing market instead of take part of this problem assuming neoclassical position taking in consideration on side of the problem and ignoring the other. REFERENCE LIST ? Bentick, T. (2003). Microeconomics Study Guide. Pearson education Australia, Australia: Pearson Education Australia Frank, R. , Bernanke B. (2001) Principles of microeconomics. Mc graw Hill, New York: Gary Burke ? Thrift Rhea, (2008) Housing and Affordability in Australia . Retrieved April 27, 2009, from http://www. rba. gov. au/EconomicsCompetition/2008/Pdf/2008_first_year. pdf ? Real Estate institute of Australia, (2009, April 22). Ann opportune time for renters to buy. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from http://www. reia. com. au/media/documents/REIA_MediaRelease_AnOpportuneTimeforRenterstoBuy. pdf ? Battellino, Ric. 2009, March 31). An Update on the Economy and Financial Developments. Retrieved April 27, 2009, from http://www. rba. gov. au/Speeches/2009/sp_dg_310309. html ? Richards, A. (2009, March 26). Conditions and Prospects in the Housing Sector. Retrieved April 27, 2009, from http://www. rba. gov. au/Speeches/2009/sp_dg_310309. html ? Keen, S. (2009, April 08). Lies, damned lies, and housing statistics. Retrieved April 27, 2009, from http://www. businessspectator. com. au/bs. nsf/Article/Lies-damned-lies-and-housi How to cite Demand and Supply of Housing in Australia, Papers

Elderly Abuse and Neglect in Nursing Homes free essay sample

Elderly Abuse and Neglect in Nursing Homes Debra K. Showers Kaplan University Elderly Abuse and Neglect in Nursing Homes Are nursing homes abusing and neglecting the elderly? The elderly are abused and neglected in society today by caregivers in nursing homes. Elder abuse or neglect is a single or repeated action occurring within any relationship where there is an overlook of trust which causes injury or distress to an older person. The elderly are our foundation and our youth are the building blocks to our nation. Some elderly have no medical problems, some are autistic, and many are handicapped. Nursing homes are a place where the elderly can live when their families do not have the resources or the extra time to care for them appropriately. My research is about deficiencies showing abuse and neglect in nursing homes and how facilities can improve the quality of the care they provide to the resident. I will show evidence of abuse and neglect through other studies and what I can do to help prevent it so they will be a place where the elderly wouldn’t mind moving into because of diminutive resources. My research involves looking at different articles on what researchers did as far as going into nursing homes and finding out what was needed to make them a better place for the elderly to live. When we think of nursing homes our first impression is smelly, ugly and old people. The truth is they are only smelly because that is the level of care they get and they are ugly because that is how we as the younger generation perceive them. Just because a person is ugly and old does not make them a nightmare or a misfit. Sometimes the ugliness is because of the beauty they held when they were younger and worked hard to have nice things and worked hard for their families. Just because they have wrinkles and their faces have changed with the winds of time does not make them ugly. It is what is in the heart that allows them to be seen in a different perspective. When they are forced to go into nursing homes and the level of care there is not up to what they expect sometimes that causes them to be bitter, changing their whole outlook on life which causes their attitude to change and their facial expressions and the way they motive themselves. You need to make more substantial arguments why this topic needs to be researched. I know from experience from what I saw firsthand while working in a nursing home that the resident feels degraded and fears for their lives with that caregiver. They do not want anything to do with that caregiver because they hurt them and when the resident upsets the caregiver they are sometimes lashed out at by having to wait to go the restroom and then accidents happen. The resident’s dignity is affected by this and the caregiver just looks at as a way to get back at the resident not thinking about how it hurts their self-respect and dignity. Personal experience is not always reliable. You need to cite your sources. You need to discuss how reliable this conclusion is. You need to discuss why your proposed research is needed. In one article they talked about reducing the funding because of the deficiencies caused by the employees and therefore making the nursing home an unsafe atmosphere for the resident. Employing someone who is a threat to the resident does not make for a healthy or happy resident. I am going to bring to the table some research that was done to show what deficiencies were made known in some nursing home surveys and how they are expected to resolve them. LITERARY REVIEW North and Fiske This article describes how growing old is â€Å"an inconvenienced youth†. They discuss how it also relates to racism and stereotyping on the elderly. It discusses how research proposes to treat the elderly in the future. They also stated â€Å"we review relevant empirical work that introduces reasons for both optimism and pessimism concerning intergenerational relations within an aging society†. The method they use is a socio-structural analysis through which . What this analysis is that they reviewed literature on ageism and discussed the intricate concerns on the elderly. They looked at the theoretical aspects that explain the concerns of the elderly. It is thought if we discuss and have an understanding of intergenerational perceptions through empirical and optimistic perceptions then we have a better chance of understanding the concepts of the ageism. Is this a method you might try? Why or why not? They might have different results, in being dependent on caregivers for support, and society curbs various freedoms and when we are younger we have prestige, income employment and management positions. The results of the research is the study found that the elderly are living longer and by the year 2050 there will be more elders than youth. As previously indicated, one possible explanation for why older people may have come to be less valued than in the past is because they do not offer as much value in modernized societies because they have not kept up the changes because they are used to their old ways. The research that North and Fiske accomplished showed enough evidence that our elderly are† an inconvenienced youth† at this time but not forever. What kind of outcomes supported this conclusion? The conclusion made by the authors is that society’s treatment of ageism should become â€Å"prime research topic across multiple social sciences†. They also reported there is a need for â€Å"more work and broader forward thinking structural approaches and that it is evident, given changing age dynamics†. In other words the elderly are living longer than the youth of today. I have to agree with them that the elderly are learning to take better care and that will live longer than a Hundred (100) years old. Phelan, A This article discusses how the elderly are abused and how they are disregarded as a citizen just because they grow old and have different attitudes about life than the younger generations. It discusses how the elderly are said to be difficult due to how they are used to doing things in their life time. It also compares Elder abuse to child abuse. Child abuse is treated as more severe than the elderly abuse because children do not have the ability to know right from wrong. The method that was used to determine how severe the elderly abuse is as opposed to child abuse was a study in an attempt to compute the problem of â€Å"elder abuse in society, studies have indicated 2–6% (O’Malley, Segars and Perez 1979; Pillemer and Finkelhor 1988; O’Keeffe et al. 2007) prevalence in the community environment while a major study in the USA estimates an incidence of 1. 6% (National Center on Elder Abuse 1998† (Phelan, 2008). The results of the questionnaire were 5. % of elder abuse goes unreported because they are afraid to report their children or spouse to social services or the police. An absence of clearness is present as to what should and should not be included in the classification of elder abuse. We have environmental and cultural issues that further complicate factors that include the intent and motivation of the offender. The offender will sometimes make the elderly believe that they are to blame for the abuse. Phelan goes on t o state â€Å"that elder abuse can be understood as a distinct phenomenon†. Her research is relating and applying research findings to guide the caregivers to prevention, documentation and follow-on care (Biggs, Phillipson and Kingston 1995). She goes on to state that the definition of elderly abuse is always â€Å"changing according to the professional and societal discourses at different time periods†. Her way of thinking was that if the proper training and documentation and follow up is are given then that would reduce the elderly abuse worldwide in nursing facilities and private homes. The results of her study are that a structure of universal rights analyzes the attitudes, practices and or actions and will reduce the ageism of categorizing, disreputable and unfair care given to the elderly by professionals and family by giving way to easing, continuing and protecting self-sufficiency, integrity, self-esteem and admiration. Your review of literature needs to focus on the issues, hypothesis and methods that you plan to address in your own study. Wolf, Daichman, and Bennett This article discusses elderly abuse word wide and how it is looked at in different cultures. This group researched and found that out of 15, 000 nursing home they all had ten deficiencies in common of which they were percentages in different areas of these 15, 000 nursing homes were in food preparation, comprehensive assessments, comprehensive care plans, accidents, pressures sores, the quality of care, physical restraints ( illegal), housekeeping lack of dignity and accident prevention. How sad is that? That is a lot of deficiency when you look at 15, 000 nursing homes in the United States. These researchers have a list of elder abuse indicators which show the signs of the elder abuse which can be anything from a change in their eating habits to their medical care or finances. They give a table of these indicators and also some indicators of the caregiver being stressed to them not having the elderly to be interviewed by the social service person by themselves for fear of them telling about the abuse or neglect. They go on to state â€Å"Prevention starts with Awareness†. They discuss ways to get this done is by training and education in the professional field and at home. In conclusion this group of researches state the problem of the elderly abuse cannot be resolved if their needs are not properly met. They go on to state that ageism is a normal part of life and should be viewed in every nation and the elderly should not be oppressed and should be given the right to their â€Å"dignity and given opportunities to participate in educational, cultural, spiritual and economic activities†. Your review of literature extended too long without preparing for a discussion of your hypothesis or suggested methods. You need to have section headings. It is hard to follow what you are covering without section headings. My proposed research is to go into nursing homes undercover after talking to the Owner to see if he is getting the reputation of having a facility that the elderly want to live in. I want to make sure that there are policies in place to hold caregivers responsible for their actions and the Administrator as well. The Administrator represents the owner and in the process the caregivers who work for the Administrator represent them. So if the Administrator is a non-caring person the caregivers may fall into this area of gray as well. The thing that needs to be done is my research needs to start with the owner and the Administrator and then interview the employees once the investigation undercover as a caregiver is accomplished to see what goes on and how the other caregivers perform. What is your hypothesis? You need to discuss how it relates to your research question and how it suggests the methods you plan to use. Is this owner after the money or are they ready to meet the needs of the elderly? I would like to take a sample of the different facilities such as an area of elderly with little or no assistance needed and then the Autistic areas of the healthcare and then the handicapped or wheelchair bound resident to see what the different types of abuse and neglect is lurking in the shadows of each facility. I know from working in the nursing homes that caregivers can be a challenge just as much as the elderly. I want to sort out the problems and give them a way to set up training and education to benefit the resident and the employee as well. Are nursing homes abusing and neglecting the Elderly? Let’s find out if Nursing homes are abusing and neglecting the Elderly. |Course Content |Points | |Assignment opens with background material ensuring that the reader understands the topic of the research.

Great Expectations & Oliver Twist Essays (1632 words) -

Great Expectations & Oliver Twist During his lifetime, Charles Dickens is known to have written several books. Although each book is different, they also share many similarities. Two of his books, Great Expectations and Oliver Twist, are representatives of the many kinds of differences and similarities found within his work. Perhaps the reason why these two novels share some of the same qualities is because they both reflect painful experiences which occurred in Dickens' past. During his childhood, Charles Dickens suffered much abuse from his parents.1 This abuse is often expressed in his novels. Pip, in Great Expectations, talked often about the abuse he received at the hands of his sister, Mrs. Joe Gargery. On one occasion he remarked, "I soon found myself getting heavily bumped from behind in the nape of the neck and the small of the back, and having my face ignominously shoved against the wall, because I did not answer those questions at sufficient length."2 While at the orphanage, Oliver from Oliver Twist also experienced a great amount of abuse. For example, while suffering from starvation and malnutrition for a long period of time, Oliver was chosen by the other boys at the orphanage to request more gruel at dinner one night. After making this simple request, "the master (at the orphanage) aimed a blow at Oliver's head with the ladle; pinioned him in his arms; and shrieked aloud for the beadle."3 The whole beginning of Oliver Twist's story was created from memories which related to Charles Dickens' childhood in a blacking factory ( which was overshadowed by the Marshalsea Prison ).4 While working in the blacking factory, Dickens suffered tremendous humiliation. This humiliation is greatly expressed through Oliver's adventures at the orphanage before he is sent away. Throughout his lifetime, Dickens appeared to have acquired a fondness for "the bleak, the sordid, and the austere."5 Most of Oliver Twist, for example, takes place in London's lowest slums.6 The city is described as a maze which involves a "mystery of darkness, anonymity, and peril."7 Many of the settings, such as the pickpocket's hideout, the surrounding streets, and the bars, are also described as dark, gloomy, and bland.8 Meanwhile, in Great Expectations, Miss Havisham's house is often made to sound depressing, old, and lonely. Many of the objects within the house had not been touched or moved in many years. Cobwebs were clearly visible as well as an abundance of dust, and even the wedding dress which Miss Havisham constantly wore had turned yellow with age.9 However, similarities are not just found in the settings. The novels' two main characters, Pip and Oliver, are also similar in many ways. Both young boys were orphaned practically from birth; but where Pip is sent to live with and be abused by his sister, Oliver is sent to live in an orphanage. Pip is a very curious young boy. He is a "child of intense and yearning fancy."10 Yet, Oliver is well spoken. Even while his life was in danger while in the hands of Fagin and Bill Sikes, two conniving pickpockets, he refused to participate in the stealing which he so greatly opposed. All Oliver really longed for was to escape from harsh living conditions and evil surroundings which he had grown up in.11 However, no matter how tempting the evil may have been, Oliver stood by his beliefs. Therefore, he can be referred to as "ideal and incorruptible innocence."12 "It is Oliver's self-generated and self-sustained love, conferred it would seem from Heaven alone, that preserves him from disaster and death."13 Unfortunately, many critics have found it hard to believe that a boy such as Oliver Twist could remain so innocent, pure, and well spoken given the long period of time in which he was surrounded by evil and injustices.14 Pip, on the other hand, is a dreamer. His imagination is always helping him to create situations to cover up for his hard times. For example, when questioned about his first visit to Miss Havisham's house, he made up along elaborate story to make up for the terrible time he had in reality. Instead of telling how he played cards all day while being ridiculed and criticized by Estella and Miss Havisham,

Cluster Analysis

Cluster Analysis Cluster analysis is a statistical technique used to identify how various units like people, groups, or societies can be grouped together because of characteristics they have in common. Also known as clustering, it is an exploratory data analysis tool that aims to sort different objects into groups in such a way that when they belong to the same group they have a maximal degree of association and when they do not belong to the same group their degree of association is minimal. Unlike some other statistical techniques, the structures that are uncovered through cluster analysis need no explanation or interpretation – it discovers structure in the data without explaining why they exist. What Is Clustering? Clustering exists in almost every aspect of our daily lives. Take, for example, items in a grocery store. Different types of items are always displayed in the same or nearby locations – meat, vegetables, soda, cereal, paper products, etc. Researchers often want to do the same with data and group objects or subjects into clusters that make sense. To take an example from social science, let’s say we are looking at countries and want to group them into clusters based on characteristics such as division of labor, militaries, technology, or educated population. We would find that Britain, Japan, France, Germany, and the United States have similar characteristics and would be clustered together. Uganda,  Nicaragua, and Pakistan would be also be grouped together in a different cluster because they share a different set of characteristics, including low levels of wealth, simpler divisions of labor, relatively unstable and undemocratic political institutions, and low technological development. Cluster analysis is typically used in the exploratory phase of research when the researcher does not have any pre-conceived hypotheses. It is commonly not the only statistical method used, but rather is done in the early stages of a project to help guide the rest of the analysis. For this reason, significance testing is usually neither relevant nor appropriate. There are several different types of cluster analysis. The two most commonly used are K-means clustering and hierarchical clustering. K-means Clustering K-means clustering treats the observations in the data as objects having locations and distances from each other (note that the distances used in clustering often do not represent spatial distances). It partitions the objects into K mutually exclusive clusters so that objects within each cluster are as close to each other as possible and at the same time, as far from objects in other clusters as possible. Each cluster is then characterized by its mean or center point. Hierarchical Clustering Hierarchical clustering is a way to investigate groupings in the data simultaneously over a variety of scales and distances. It does this by creating a cluster tree with various levels. Unlike K-means clustering, the tree is not a single set of clusters. Rather, the tree is a multi-level hierarchy where clusters at one level are joined as clusters at the next higher level. The algorithm that is used starts with each case or variable in a separate cluster and then combines clusters until only one is left. This allows the researcher to decide what level of clustering is most appropriate for his or her research. Performing A Cluster Analysis Most statistics software programs can perform cluster analysis. In SPSS, select analyze from the menu, then classify and cluster analysis. In SAS, the proc cluster function can be used. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Radical Theater Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Radical Theater - Research Paper Example For this reason, much of the theatre developed in this time period â€Å"represented the safe middle-class milieu and world-view aspirations of the audiences that would come to see them† (Batty, 2005). The purpose of theatre had been reduced to provide a rather thoughtless, structured evening of culture without the necessity of challenging beliefs or social norms. â€Å"They didn’t want anything else, they were perfectly happy to put their feet up. That was what going to the theatre was normally about, going and putting your feet up and just receive something, received ideas of what drama was, going through various procedures which were known to the audience. I think it was becoming a dead area† (Batty, 2005). At the same time, playwrights and producers had to be careful regarding the content and presentation of their material to be sure it fell within the strict regulations of the Lord Chamberlain’s office. This harsh environment saw the number of theatre s with permanent repertory companies fall from 96 to 55 between the years 1950 to 1955 (Clough, 2006). It was this constraining atmosphere that ironically gave birth to the radical theater movement brought forward by Peter Brook.